HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript, it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.
Markup
HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in such a pair is the start tag, and the second is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
The following is an example of the classic “Hello, World!” program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is a title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello world!</p>
</body>
</html>
The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page, and the text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content. The markup text <title>This is a title</title> defines the browser page title.
.
Elements
HTML documents imply a structure of nested HTML elements. These are indicated in the document by HTML tags, enclosed in angle brackets thus: <p>.
In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a “start tag” <p> and “end tag” </p>. The text content of the element, if any, is placed between these tags.
Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a mixture of tags and text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent element.
The start tag may also include attributes within the tag. These indicate other information, such as identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style information to the presentation of the document, and for some tags such as the <img> used to embed images, the reference to the image resource.
Some elements, such as the line break <br>, do not permit any embedded content, either text or further tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to a start tag) and do not use an end tag.
Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly used paragraph element <p>, are optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end of an element from the context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These rules are complex and not widely understood by most HTML coders.
The general form of an HTML element is therefore: <tag attribute1=”value1″ attribute2=”value2″>”content”</tag>. Some HTML elements are defined as empty elements and take the form <tag attribute1=”value1″ attribute2=”value2″>. Empty elements may enclose no content, for instance, the <br> tag or the inline <img> tag. The name of an HTML element is the name used in the tags. Note that the end tag’s name is preceded by a slash character, /, and that in empty elements the end tag is neither required nor allowed. If attributes are not mentioned, default values are used in each case.
Element examples
Header of the HTML document: <head>…</head>. The title is included in the head, for example:
<head>
<title>The Title</title>
</head>
Headings: HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags:
<h1>Heading level 1</h1>
<h2>Heading level 2</h2>
<h3>Heading level 3</h3>
<h4>Heading level 4</h4>
<h5>Heading level 5</h5>
<h6>Heading level 6</h6>
Paragraphs:
<p>Paragraph 1</p> <p>Paragraph 2</p>
Line breaks: <br>. The difference between <br> and <p> is that br breaks a line without altering the semantic structure of the page, whereas p sections the page into paragraphs. Note also that br is an empty element in that, although it may have attributes, it can take no content and it may not have an end tag.
<p>This <br> is a paragraph <br> with <br> line breaks</p>
This is a link in HTML. To create a link the <a> tag is used. The href attribute holds the URL address of the link.
<a href=”https://www.wikipedia.org/”>A link to Wikipedia!</a>
Inputs:
There are many possible ways a user can give input/s like:
1 <input type=”text” /> <!– This is for text input –>
2 <input type=”file” /> <!– This is for uploading files –>
3 <input type=”checkbox” /> <!– This is for checkboxes –>
HTML Syllabus
Introduction to HTML
Structural Elements and Attributes
Tables
Working with Layouts
Multimedia
DOM
HTML Tags
Formatting HTML documents
Linking Web Pages
Special effects
Managing forms
HTML5
Overview of HTML5
Events
Edge
HTML5 Components
Bootstrap
Animation using HTML5
CSS SYLLABUS
Introduction to CSS
Inheritance and cascading order
Exploring CSS class and ID attributes
Block eleven elements
Various types of styles sheets
Formatting text, fonts, colours and Background
HTML Tags
Fundamentals of Document Object Model(DOM)
JavaScript Syllabus
Introduction
Statements Syntax
Values & Variables
Operators
Statements
Event Handling
Timing Events
Functions
Further details contact us
8939111234.