CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is an information technology (IT) certification from Cisco Systems. CCNA certification is an associate-level Cisco Career certification.
The Cisco exams have changed several times in response to the changing IT trends. In 2013, Cisco announced an update to its certification program that “aligns certification and training curricula with evolving industry job roles.”[1] There are now several different types of Cisco-Certified Network Associate, with “CCNA Routing and Switching” being closest to the original CCNA focus; other types of CCNA focus on security, cloud, collaboration, security operations, design, data center technologies, industrial plants, service providers, and wireless.[2][3]
The content of the exams is proprietary.[4] Cisco and its learning partners offer a variety of different training methods,[5] including books published by Cisco Press, and online and classroom courses available under the title “Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices”.
Operation of IP Data Networks
• Recognize the purpose and functions of various network devices such as Routers, Switches, Bridges and Hubs.
• Select the components required to meet a given network specification.
• Identify common applications and their impact on the network
• Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models.
• Predict the data flow between two hosts across a network.
• Identify the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect Cisco network devices to other network devices and hosts in a LAN
LAN Switching Technologies
• Determine the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks
• Identify basic switching concepts and the operation of Cisco switches.
• Collision Domains
• Broadcast Domains
• Types of switching
• CAM Table
• Configure and verify initial switch configuration including remote access management.
• Cisco IOS commands to perform basic switch setup
• Verify network status and switch operation using basic utilities such as ping, telnet and ssh.
• Describe how VLANs create logically separate networks and the need for routing between them.
• Explain network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts
• Configure and verify VLANs
• Configure and verify trunking on Cisco switches
• DTP
• Auto negotiation
IP addressing (IPv4 / IPv6)
• Describe the operation and necessity of using private and public IP addresses for IPv4 addressing
• Identify the appropriate IPv6 addressing scheme to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment.
• Identify the appropriate IPv4 addressing scheme using VLSM and summarization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment.
• Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 in conjunction with IPv4 such as dual stack
• Describe IPv6 addresses
• Global unicast
• Multicast
• Link local
• Unique local
• eui 64
• autoconfiguration
IP Routing Technologies
• Describe basic routing concepts
• CEF
• Packet forwarding
• Router lookup process
• Configure and verify utilizing the CLI to set basic Router configuration
• Cisco IOS commands to perform basic router setup
• Configure and verify operation status of an ethernet interface
• Verify router configuration and network connectivity
• Cisco IOS commands to review basic router information and network connectivity
• Configure and verify routing configuration for a static or default route given specific routing requirements
• Differentiate methods of routing and routing protocols
• Static vs. Dynamic
• Link state vs. Distance Vector
• next hop
• ip routing table
• Passive interfaces
• Configure and verify OSPF (single area)
• Benefit of single area
• Configure OSPF v2
• Configure OSPF v3
• Router ID
• Passive interface
• Configure and verify interVLAN routing (Router on a stick)
• sub interfaces
• upstream routing
• encapsulation
• Configure SVI interfaces
IP Services
• Configure and verify DHCP (IOS Router)
• configuring router interfaces to use DHCP
• DHCP options
• excluded addresses
• lease time
• Describe the types, features, and applications of ACLs
• Standard
• Sequence numbers
• Editing
• Extended
• Named
• Numbered
• Log option
• Configure and verify ACLs in a network environment
• Named
• Numbered
• Log option
• Identify the basic operation of NAT
• Purpose
• Pool
• Static
• 1 to 1
• Overloading
• Source addressing
• One way NAT
• Configure and verify NAT for given network requirements
• Configure and verify NTP as a client
Network Device Security
• Configure and verify network device security features such as:
• Device password security
• Enable secret vs enable
• Transport
• Disable telnet
• SSH
• VTYs
• Physical security
• Service password
• Describe external authentication methods
• Configure and verify Switch Port Security features such as
• Sticky MAC
• MAC address limitation
• Static / dynamic
• Violation modes
• Err disable
• Shutdown
• Protect restrict
• Shutdown unused ports
• Err disable recovery
• Assign unused ports to an unused VLAN
• Setting native VLAN to other than VLAN 1
• Configure and verify ACLs to filter network traffic
• Configure and verify an ACLs to limit telnet and SSH access to the router
Troubleshooting
• Troubleshoot and correct common problems associated with IP addressing and host configurations.
• Troubleshoot and Resolve VLAN problems
• identify that VLANs are configured
• port membership correct
• IP address configured
• Troubleshoot and Resolve trunking problems on Cisco switches
• correct trunk states
• correct encapsulation configured
• correct vlans allowed
• Troubleshoot and Resolve ACL issues
• Statistics
• Permitted networks
NETWORK BASICS
WHAT IS NETWORK?
A Network is a connected collection of Network Devices like Computers, Servers, and Printers etc. It can be limited in one geographical area or can be in multiple geographical area. INTERNET is a good example of big network where we all are connected to each other.
SO THE QUESTION IS WHAT WE NEED FOR FORMING A NETWORK.
We need Computers, Switch/Hub, and Router/Modem. Let start knowing these devices.
- Computers: – Computer is an end device with NIC card that enables to communicate in any Network, it can be Laptop, Desktop or Server.
- Modem: – Modem convert data between the analog form used on telephone lines and the digital form used on computers and vise versa. It is bieng used for internet access by telephone line.
- Repeater: – Repeater just repeat & strengthen the weak incoming electrical signal.
- Hub: – Hub is a basic network device which connects multiple computers or other network devices together. It doesn’t maintain any table as like router and switch does. Now a days hubs have been extensively replaced by switches.
- Switches: – Switch is a multiport network device that provides attachment to end systems with intelligent switching within local network. Layer 3 switches also do routing.
- Router: – Router is a layer 3 device that mainly interconnect multiple networks & choose best path for data transfer. It maintain Routing tables consists the path for data transfer.