INTRODUCTION C++
C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language that supports object-oriented programming (OOP), created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 at Bell Labs, C++ is an extension(superset) of C programming and the programs are written in C language can run in C++ compilers.
usage of c++
C++ is used by programmers to create computer software. It is used to create general systems software, drivers for various computer devices, software for servers and software for specific applications and also widely used in the creation of video games.
C++ is used by many programmers of different types and coming from different fields. C++ is mostly used to write device driver programs, system software, and applications that depend on direct hardware manipulation under real-time constraints. It is also used to teach the basics of object-oriented features because it is simple and is also used in the fields of research. Also, many primary user interfaces and system files of Windows and Macintosh are written using C++. So, C++ is really a popular, strong and frequently used programming language of this modern programming era.
features of object oriented C++
- The main focus remains on data rather than procedures.
- Object-oriented programs are segmented into parts called objects.
- Data structures are designed to categorize the objects.
- Data member and functions are tied together as a data structure.
- Data can be hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions using access specifier.
- Objects can communicate among themselves using functions.
- New data and functions can be easily added anywhere within a program whenever required.
- Since this is an object-oriented programming language, it follows a bottom up approach, i.e. the execution of codes starts from the main which resides at the lower section and then based on the member function call the working is done from the classes.
Techopedia explains C++ Programming Language
C++ is one of the most popular languages primarily utilized with system/application software, drivers, client-server applications and embedded firmware.
The main highlight of C++ is a collection of predefined classes, which are data types that can be instantiated multiple times. The language also facilitates declaration of user-defined classes. Classes can further accommodate member functions to implement specific functionality. Multiple objects of a particular class can be defined to implement the functions within the class. Objects can be defined as instances created at run time. These classes can also be inherited by other new classes which take in the public and protected functionalities by default.
features of c++
C++ includes several operators such as comparison, arithmetic, bit manipulation and logical operators. One of the most attractive features of C++ is that it enables the overloading of certain operators such as addition.
A few of the essential concepts within the C++ programming language include polymorphism, virtual and friend functions, templates, namespaces and pointers.
C and C++ Advantageous
- Powerful and flexible language – What can be achieved is only limited by your imagination. It is used for Operating System, compilers, parsers, interpreters, word processors, search engine and graphic programs.
- Portable programming language – C program written for one computer system (an IBM PC, for example) can be compiled and run on another system (a DEC VAX System perhaps with little or no modification).
- Is a language of less keyword – Handful of terms called keywords in which the language’s functionality is built. A lot of keywords doesn’t mean more powerful than C.
- Modular – Written in routines called functions and classes (C++), can be reused in other applications or programs.
- Preferred by professional programmers – So, a variety of C/C++ resources and helpful supports are widely available.
- Standardized – Many standards have been documented, maintained and updated for C and C++ as standard references for solving the portability and many other issues. For example, the latest version of standard C++ is C++17 and later C++20 (“C++20“) and the older version is C++03.
C++ Object Oriented Programming
- C++ is a C superset was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Laboratories (some call advanced C) and the ANSI C++ (ISO/IEC C++) standard version is also already available. From ISO/IEC standard, C++ evolved from C++98, C++03 and the latest isC++20.
- C++ provides a number of features that spruce up the C language mainly in the object-oriented programming aspects and data type safety (which lack in C language). Though if you have studied the C++, you will find that the type safety of the C++ also not so safe :o) actually the secure codes depend on the programmers themselves.
- Object are essentially reusable software components that model items in the real world.
- Using a modular, object-oriented design and implementation, can speed up the program development and make the same software development group, up to many times more productive than the conventional programming techniques.
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Then, the evolution of the C++ continues with the introduction of the Standard Template Library (STL). STL deal mainly with data structure processing and have introduced the using of C++ STL templates. From procedural programming to object oriented programming, STL has introduced generic programming.